6.2. Indefinite Pronouns ✅
6.2.1. Pronouns
Variable Indefinite Pronouns
These pronouns must agree with the gender and quantity of the corresponding noun (ex: Hi ha tantos, "There are so many").
1. Variable in Only Gender
A. Singular
| Indefinite Pronoun | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| (Un) altro / (Una) altra | Another | Un pèttso de torta? Ne vòllîo un altro! | A piece of cake? I want another one! |
| Necuno / Necuna | None / Not one / Any (negative) | Las casas? Necuna me placeu. | The houses? None pleased me. |
B. Plural
| Indefinite Pronoun | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Ambos / Ambas / Los doos / Las doas | Both | Las formas? Ambas han quattro latos. | The shapes? Both have four sides. |
| Alcunos / Alcunas | Some | Alcunos prefèren un clima frégedo. | Some prefer a cold climate. |
| Altros / Altras | Others | Altros prefèren un clima càlido. | Others prefer a warm climate. |
| Vàrios / Vàrias / Divèrsos / Divèrsas | Several | Libros? Ne hi ha vàrios sopre la mesa. | Books? There are several of them on the table. |
| Totos / Totas | All / Everyone | Totos son preparatos. | Everyone is ready. |
| Sufficiènte / Sufficièntes | Enough | Alimènto? Havemos sufficiènte por doos días. | Food? We have enough for two days. |
| Bastante / Bastantes | Quite a lot | Libros en la bibliotèca? Ne hi ha bastantes. | Books in the library? There are quite a lot of them. |
C. Invariable Singular with Variable Plural
| Indefinite Pronoun | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Qualonque de los doos / Qualonque de las doas | Either one | Los colores? Qualonque de los doos està bène. | The colors? Either one is fine. |
| Necuno de los doos / Necuna de las doas | Neither one | Las cantsones? Non me place necuna de las doas. | The songs? I do not like either of them. |
2. Variable in Gender and Quantity
| Indefinite Pronoun | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Molto / Molta / Moltos / Moltas | A lot / Much / Many | Bevutas? Ne hi ha moltas accuí. | Drinks? There are a lot of them here. |
| Pauco / Pauca / Paucos / Paucas | Little / Few | Rèsta pauco acora. | Little remains now. |
| Tròppo / Tròppa / Tròppos / Tròppas | Too much / Too many | Se ne han usato tròppos. | Too many of them have been used. |
| Tanto / Tanta / Tantos / Tantas | So much / So many | Tanto ha cambiato dès de allora. | So much has changed since then. |
Invariable Indefinite Pronouns
These indefinite pronouns are invariable, which means that they never change to agree in gender or quantity with the noun it modifies.
| Indefinite Pronoun | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Necausa / Necuna causa | Nothing | Non hai necausa ad dícere. | I have nothing to say. |
| Qualque causa / Qualcausa / Alcuna causa | Something | Hi ha qualcausa por totos. | There is something for everyone. |
| Quionque / Qualonque uno | Anyone | Qualonque uno lo pòte fàcere! | Anyone can do it! |
| Qualcuno | Someone / Anyone / Somebody / Anybody | Qualcuno sape la respòsta? | Does anyone know the answer? |
| Necuno | No one / Nobody | Necuno èst perfècto. | No one is perfect. |
| Toto lo mondo | Everyone / Everybody | Toto lo mondo commette errores. | Everyone makes mistakes. |
| Toto | All / Everything | Toto està bène. | All is well. |
| Menos | Fewer / Less | Òleo? Ne vòllîo menos sopre mèo entrepane. | Oil? I want less of it on my sandwich. |
| Plus | More | Ne vòllîo plus! | I want more of it! |
| La majjoría | The majority / Most | La majjoría viven pròpe de onde cresceron. | The majority live near where they grew up. |
| La minoría | The minority | Cuestas opiniones represèntan solo una minoría. | These opinions represent only a minority. |
6.2.2. Using Indefinite Pronouns with "De"
The use of an indefinite pronoun with the preposition "de" makes up a quantifier. In these cases, it expresses an indefinite quantity of something.
Variable
All the indefinite pronouns below must agree with the gender of the corresponding noun, but only have a singular form or a plural form.
A. Singular
| Indefinite pronoun + de | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Uno de / Una de | One of | Uno de los libros èst lòngo. | One of the books is long. |
| Cata uno de / Cata una de | Each of / Each one of | Cata uno de ellos ha un nome diffèrente. | Each of them has a different name. |
| Necuno de / Necuna de | None / Not one / Any (negative) | Necuno de los invitatos ha arripato ancora. | None of the guests have arrived yet. |
B. Plural
| Indefinite pronoun + de | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Alcunos de / Alcunas de | Some of | Alcunos de los libros son en japonese. | Some of the books are in Japanese. |
C. Singular and Plural
| Indefinite pronoun + de | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Molto / Moltos / Molta / Moltas | Much / Many / A lot of | Molto de cuesto èst vero, mais non toto. | Much of this is true, but not all of it. |
Invariable
The indefinite pronouns below do not change for gender or quantity.
| Indefinite pronoun + de | Translation | Example | Translation |
|---|
| Un pauco de | A little / Some | Un pauco de aqua. | Some water. |
| Qualonque de | Any of | Qualonque de nós potería èssere lo colpàbile. | Any of us could be the culprit. |
| Bastante de | Quite a lot of | Comprendei bastante de cuello que has dicto. | I understood quite a lot of what you have said. |