11.1. Conjunctions ✅

11.1.1. Conjunctions?

A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses.

11.1.2. Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Et	And	Los pomos et las bananas son fructas.	Apples and bananas are fruits.
Mais / Però	But	Volería vàdere con ti, mais devo terminare mèo trepallîo.	I would like to go with you, but I must finish my work.
Mais / Mais plus tòsto / Sinón (used after a negative clause)	But / But rather	Elle fu sevèro con soa fillîa non per ràbia, mais plus tòsto per amore.	He was harsh on his daughter not out of anger, but rather love.
Excèpto que	Except	Vadería ad la fèsta, excèpto que devo trepallîare cuello día.	I would go to the party, except I have to work that day.
Et altrosí / Et tambène	And also	Pòtes portare las bevutas? Oh, et altrosí serviettas?	Can you bring the drinks? Oh, and also napkins?
Assí como	As well as	Lo restaurante vende caffè, assí como dolces.	The restaurant sells coffee, as well as sweets.

11.1.3. Subordinating Conjunctions

Causal

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Per que	Because	Devemos vàdere ad lo supermercato per que non havemos alimènto.	We must go to the supermarket because we do not have food.
Como	As	Como Marta estava fatigata, vadeu ad lo lècto.	As Marta was tired, she went to bed.
Pòs que / Ja que	Since	Pòs que manca solo un pauco, vòles lo rèsto de la pizza?	Since only a little remains, do you want the rest of the pizza?
Dato que	Given that	Dato que lo evènto se tenerà affòra, deveríamos preparare-nos por la possibilitate de plòjja.	Given that the event will be held outside, we should prepare for the possibility of rain.
Visto que	Seeing as how	Visto que èst tarde, vaderai ad lo lècto.	Seeing as how it is late, I will go to bed.
Considerando que	Considering that	Considerando que lo exame èra diffícile, feceste bène.	Considering that the exam was difficult, you did well.

Comparison

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Que (Comparison)	Than	Antonio èst plus alto que Elena.	Antonio is taller than Elena.
Sene que (Requires subjunctive)	Without	Ella exeu de la casa sene que soos patres lo sapessen.	She exited the house without her parents knowing.
Como si (Requires subjunctive)	As if / As though	Elle sollevau la pesante cassa como si fosse necausa.	He lifted the heavy box as if it were nothing.
Mentre / Mentre que	While / Whereas	Prefèro lo cîocolate, mentre que mèa sorore prefère la vanillîa.	I prefer chocolate, whereas my sister prefers vanilla.

Grammatical

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Si	If	Si studias, receperàs una bòna nòta.	If you study, you will receive a good grade.
Que	That	Pènso que has rattsone.	I think that you are right.

Concession / Contradiction

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Si bène	Although / Even though	Si bène estava plovèndo, faceva sole ancora.	Although it was raining, it was still sunny.
Incluso si	Even if	Incluso si se vada la corrènte, havemos ancora un generatore.	Even if the power goes out, we still have a generator.
Incluso quando	Even when	Face la causa justa, incluso quando èst diffícile.	Always do the right thing, even when it is hard.
Por quanto (Requires subjunctive)	As much as	Por quanto me placcîan las fèstas, devo declinare la invitatione.	As much as I like parties, I must decline the invitation.
Por plus que / Por molto que (Requires subjunctive)	As much as	Por molto que me placcîan las fèstas, devo declinare la invitatione.	As much as I like parties, I must decline the invitation.
Qui sape si	Who knows if	Qui sape si arriparàn?	Who knows if they will arrive?
Malgrato (lo facto) que	Despite / Despite the fact that	Malgrato que estava plovèndo, me divertíi molto.	Despite the fact that it was raining, I had fun.

Conditional

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Si	If	Si plòve, restarai addentro.	If it rains, I will stay inside.
Solo si	Only if	Te clamarai solo si hi haverà una emergèntia.	I will call you only if there is an emergency.
Si non	If not	Vedamos si han gelato de cîocolate. Si non, potemos pètere de vanillîa.	Let's see if they have chocolate ice cream. If not, we can get vanilla.
En caso contrario	Otherwise	Prènde cuesta paraplòjja; en caso contrario te mollîaràs.	Take this umbrella; otherwise you will get wet.
Altramente	Otherwise	Prènde cuesta paraplòjja; altrimènto te mollîaràs.	Take this umbrella; otherwise you will get wet.
Ad menos que (Requires subjunctive)	Unless	Ad menos que vòllîas mangîare necausa plus que fasîòlos, necessitamos vàdere ad lo supermercato.	Unless you want to eat nothing but beans, we need to go to the supermarket.
Salvo que (Requires subjunctive)	Unless	Non farai necausa, salvo que tu me dicas de fàcere-lo.	I will not do anything, unless you tell me to do so.
Ad conditione que (Requires subjunctive)	On the condition that / As long as / Provided that	Pòtes vedere la televisione ad conditione que termines de lavare los platos.	You can watch television as long as you finish washing the dishes.
En caso que / En lo caso que (Requires subjunctive)	In case / In the event that	Deverías portare una paraplòjja en lo caso que plòva.	You should bring an umbrella in case it rains.

Consecutive / Result

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Donque	So	Me sentiva fatigato, donque vadei ad lo lècto.	I felt tired, so I went to bed.
De (tale) manaria que… / De forma que… / De mòdo que…	In (such) a way that…	Ella disponeu las catèdras de tale manaria que totos potessen vedere lo scenario.	She arranged the chairs in such a way that everyone could see the stage.
Fine ad tale ponto que… / Ad tale ponto que...	To such a extent that…	Ella cambiau soo aspècto ad tale ponto que necuno la reconosceu.	She changed her appearance so much to such an extent that no one recognized her.
En la mesura en que	To the extent that / Insofar as	Ella ajjutau en la mesura en que poteu.	She helped to the extent that she was able.
Per tanto / Per consequènte	Therefore	Hai fame. Per tanto, mangîarai de lo alimènto.	I am hungry. Therefore, I will eat some food.
Per cuello / Per cuò	For that reason / Because of that / That is why	Està plovèndo. Per cuesto pòrto una paraplòjja.	It is raining. That is why I carry an umbrella.

Purpose

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Por que (Requires subjunctive)	So that / In order to	Accendei la luce por que possamos vedere.	I turned on the light so we could see.
Ad fine que (Requires subjunctive)	So that / In order to	Accendei la luce ad fine que possamos vedere.	I turned on the light so we could see.
En una tentativa de	In an attempt to	La civtate plantau àrbores en una tentativa de redúcere las temperaturas urbanas.	The city planted trees in an attempt to reduce urban temperatures.
En un esfòrtso de / En un esfòrtso por	In an effort to	La empressa comentsau ad usare colores vivaces en un esfòrtso por attràgere clièntes jòvenes.	The company started to use lively colors to attract young customers.
En la esperantsa que / Con la esperantsa que	In the hope that	Ella lo ignorau en la esperantsa que elle se ne vadesse.	She ignored him in the hope that he would go away.

Time

Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Mentre	While	Ascolto música mentre netejjo la casa.	I listen to music while I clean the house.
Appena / Tanto prèsto como / Lo momènto que (Requires subjunctive or simple future)	As soon as	Clama-me appena arripes.	Call me as soon as you arrive.
Fine ad que (Requires subjunctive or simple future)	Until	Esperarai fine ad que cessarà de plòvere por exire.	I will wait until it stops raining to leave.
Quando (Requires subjunctive or simple future)	When	Te clamarai quando arriparai.	I will call you when I arrive.
Ante de (Same subject)	Before	Ante de trepallîare en un officîo, trepallîava ad lo supermercato.	Before I worked in an office, I worked at the supermarket.
Ante que (Different subject)	Before	Lo cèlo se annuvolau ante que comentsasse ad plòvere.	The sky became cloudy before it started to rain.
Depòs de (Same subject)	After	Depòs de havere prandzato, ella tornau ad casa.	After she ate lunch, she returned home.
Depòs que (Different subject)	After	Elle arripau depòs que totos los altros tornaron ad casa.	He arrived after everyone else returned home.
Una vece que	Once	Una vece que terminaremos de còcere la torta, potemos decorare-la.	Once we finish baking the cake, we can decorate it.
Acora que	Now that	Acora que totos son accuí, potemos comentsare.	Now that everyone is here, we can begin.
Ad lo mesmo tèmpo que	At the same time as	Arrivo ad casa ad lo mesmo tèmpo que ella.	I arrive home at the same time as her.
Dès de que / Dès de quando	Since	Non lo hai visto dès de que partiu de la fèsta.	I have not seen him since he left the party.
Cata vece que / Òmne vece que	Whenever / Every time that	Cata vece que ascolto cuella cantsone, pènso ad lo passato.	Whenever I listen to that song, I think about the past.
Ad mesura que	As	Ad mesura que la balla descendeva la collina, guadannîava velocitate.	As the ball went down the hill, it gained velocity.

11.1.4. Correlative Conjunctions

Cumulative Conjunction	Translation	Example	Translation
Aut…aut…	Either…or…	Aut entra aut està affòra!	Either come in or stay out!
Non solo…mais altrosí…	Not only…but also…	Lo libro non èst solo educativo, mais altrosí interessante.	The book is not only educational, but also interesting.
Né…né…	Neither…nor…	Non hai né lo tèmpo né la patièntia por cuello.	I have neither the time nor the patience for that.
Que (SUBJUNCTIVE)...aut…	Whether…or	Que plòva aut non, restarai affòra de totos mòdos.	Whether it rains or not, I will stay outside anyway.
(Que) sèa (SUBJUNCTIVE)...aut…	Be it…or…	Pòtes parlare de qualonque lòco, sèa ad Brasília aut accuí.	You can talk from anywhere, be it in Brasilia or here.
Assí como…altrosí…	Just as…so too…	Assí como has pensamèntos y sentimèntos, altrosí los altros.	Just as you have thoughts and feelings, so do others.
Si…allora…	If…then…	Si plòve, allora restaremos addentro.	If it rains, then we will stay inside.
Tanto…quanto… / Tanto…como…	Both…	Tanto la prima optione quanto la seconda optione me paren bònas.	Both the first option and the second option seem good to me.
De un lato...de lo altro lato...	On one hand...on the other hand...	De un lato, me place la torta, mais de lo altro lato, la torta non èst salutàbile.	On one hand, I like cake, but on the other hand, cake is not healthy.
Plus...plus... / Quanto plus...plus...	The more...the more...	Plus ella studia, plus comprènde.	The more she studies, the more she understands.