19.4. Compound Tenses

19.4.1. The Future Perfect

The structure of the future perfect is as follows:

Auxiliary verb in the future tense (Havere/Èssere) + Past participle

Haverai terminato	I will have finished

The future perfect has two key uses.

1. To talk about an action that will happen before a specific time or event in the future.

Haverai terminato toto lo trepallîo ante de la fine de hòjje.	I will have finished all the work before the end of the day.
Haveràn terminato lo curso en doos meses.	They will have finished the course in two months.
Quando ella arriparà, los altros ja se haveràn allectato.	When she arrives, the others will already have gone to bed.

2. To express conjectures about a past action that had consequences on the past or the present.

Non pòsso tropare mèo portafòllîo. Lo haverai laxato ad casa.	I cannot find my wallet. I must have forgotten it at home.
María non èst accuí. Haverà vaduto en vacationes.	Maria is not here. She must have gone on vacation.
Si has sete, non haveràs bevuto sufficiènte.	If you are thirsty, you must not have drank enough.

This meaning is equivalent to the alternative construction of the verb "devere" with the infinitive "havere".

Devo havere-lo oblitato ad casa.	I must have forgotten it at home.

19.4.2. The Conditional Perfect

The conditional perfect, also known as the "past conditional", is used to describe or imagine events and actions that failed to happen due to something else.

The structure for the conditional perfect is as follows, depending on the language:

France and Italy	Iberia (Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan)	Example	Translation
Conditional (Havere) + Past participle (Potere) + Infinitive	Conditional (Potere) + Infinitive (Havere) + Past participle	(France/Italy) Havería potuto ajjutare. (Iberia) Potería havere ajjutato.	I could have helped.
Conditional (Havere/Èssere) + Past participle (Devere) + Infinitive	Conditional (Devere) + Infinitive (Havere) + Past participle	(France/Italy) Havería devuto ajjutare. (Iberia) Devería havere ajjutato.	I should have helped.
Conditional (Havere/Èssere) + Past participle	Conditional (Havere) + Past participle	Havería ajjutato.	I would have helped.

The most notable differences between the structures is the placement of elements, such as the position of the infinitive and the past participle, as well as how each auxiliary verb is conjugated. The Iberian structure is more similar to the structure used in English.

In the case of "would have", the structures are identical between languages, the only difference being that languages of France and Italy use their cognates for "èssere" for intransitive verbs and "havere" for transitive verbs.

Below are some examples.

Havería preferito un advertimènto.	I would have preferred a warning.
Haverías facto lo mesmo en mèa positione?	Would you have done the same in my position?
Devería havere saputo que èras tu. / Havería devuto sapere que èras tu.	I should have known it was you.
Poterías havere economizzato plus denario. / Haverías potuto economizzare plus denario.	You could have saved more money.
Havería vaduto ad Francia. / Sería vaduto en Francia.	I would have gone to France.